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מסעי הצלב (המאה ה-11-13)

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🗼 מדינה אירופאית באמצע המזרח התיכון: איך הצלבנים ניסו לשרוד?

דברו עם "בלו" בנושא

תארו לכם שאתם מקימים קיבוץ אירופאי באמצע מדבר סעודיה 🏰 - זה בערך מה שהצלבנים עשו!

הם הקימו ממלכה נוצרית בלב ארץ מוסלמית, עם ארבע מדינות צלבניות: ממלכת ירושלים, רוזנות טריפולי, נסיכות אנטיוכיה ורוזנות אדסה.

כדי להגן על עצמם בנו מבצרים עצומים (ראיתם פעם את מבצר כוכב הירדן? וואו!) והקימו מסדרי אבירים מיוחדים כמו הטמפלרים וההוספיטלרים שהגנו על צליינים. 🛡️

החברה הייתה מוזרה: מיעוט קטן של צלבנים אירופאים שלט על רוב ענק של מוסלמים, נוצרים מקומיים ומעט יהודים.

הצלבנים סבלו מהחום (נסו ללבוש שריון פלדה כשבחוץ 40 מעלות!), מהשפה (הם לא הבינו ערבית) ומהתרבות הזרה.

אבל היו גם דברים טובים: המסחר עם אירופה פרח, עכו הפכה לעיר נמל עשירה, והתרבויות נפגשו. 🚢

אבל הממלכה הזו הייתה כמו כיתה של ילדים צעירים מוקפת בכיתות י"ב - המוסלמים חיכו רק לרגע הנכון להחזיר לעצמם את השליטה, ואכן ב-1187 קם מנהיג מוסלמי אדיר בשם צלאח א-דין (סלאדין), שניצח את הצלבנים בקרב חיטין המפורסם וכבש את ירושלים בחזרה!

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