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אימפריאליזם במאה ה-19

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👨‍👩‍👧‍👦💔 החיים תחת השלטון הקולוניאלי: הצד האפל של האימפריאליזם שלא מופיע בספרי הלימוד!

דברו עם "בלו" בנושא

איך הרגישו הילידים שיום אחד התעוררו תחת שלטון זר? 😕

התשובה: לא טוב במיוחד. הקולוניאליזם הביא לשינויים עצומים בחייהם, ורובם לא היו לטובה:

המעצמות בנו תשתיות - מסילות רכבת, נמלים, כבישים - אבל לא בשביל רווחת התושבים, אלא כדי לאפשר הוצאת חומרי גלם מהקולוניות אל אירופה.

החקלאות המסורתית השתנתה - איכרים נאלצו לגדל גידולים לייצוא (כמו כותנה, קפה, גומי) במקום מזון לעצמם, מה שלפעמים גרם לרעב המוני. 😢

מיליוני אנשים נאלצו לעבוד בתנאי עבדות במכרות ובמטעים, בעבודות כפייה ובמסים כבדים. הילידים איבדו את אדמותיהם ואת עצמאותם הכלכלית.

תרבויות עתיקות נדחקו לשוליים - השפות המקומיות איבדו מעמד, הדתות והמסורות המקומיות נחשבו "פרימיטיביות", והשפות והדתות האירופיות נכפו על התושבים.

היו גם מרידות והתנגדות - כמו מרד הסיפויים בהודו (1857) ומרד הבוקסרים בסין (1900) - אך הם דוכאו באכזריות.

מיסיונרים, סוחרים ופקידים קולוניאליים החליפו את המנהיגים המקומיים. 👮‍♂️

עם זאת, היו גם השפעות "חיוביות" (במרכאות כפולות!) - חינוך מערבי הגיע לחלק מהאוכלוסייה המקומית, נבנו מערכות בריאות מודרניות בערים, ורעיונות של לאומיות ודמוקרטיה חלחלו גם למושבות.

אירוני שדווקא רעיונות אלה ישמשו בהמשך את תנועות השחרור במאבקן נגד הקולוניאליזם! ⚔️

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